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Flow chart 5. Hydrocarbon biosynthesis pathway for the production of Biofuels

Fatty acid pathway Isoprenoid pathway

GAP
Isoprene Isopentenol

PEP
IPP isomerase
IPP DMAPP

Acetyl Co A ....... MVA GPP
Mono-

Acyl 2n+4 - ACP Alkanes, terpenes
Alkenes Squalenesynthase FPP

FFA Squalene Sesqui-

GGPP terpenes

Fatty

Acyl-Co A alcohol GGDP

DGAT
Casbenesynthase

TAG
FAEE β- oxidation Casbene Diterpenes
Pathway

Figure 4. Hydrocarbon biosynthesis pathways for the production of biofuels, with the fatty
acid biosynthesis pathway in blue, isoprenoid pathway in red, mevalonate pathway in green,

and methylerythritol phosphate pathway in purple. Biofuels and biofuel precursors are
highlighted in the colored boxes. Enyzmes are in italics. Solid arrows represent a single

enzymatic step, while dashed arrows represent multiple enzymatic steps. (courtesy:Ruffing,
2013).

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