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efficiently the antibiotics resistance. So, various walnut plant parts extract and juglone is used

against microbial infections and these extracts are used in pharmaceutics.
Antifungal activity

On performing column chromatography various portions are separated from leaves extract
and obtained bioactive compounds juglone and eugenol that are attributed to the antifungal

properties on various fungal pathogens. walnut leaves were estimated for antifungal activity
by making four different extract namely methanolic extract, alkaloid extract, ethyl acetate

extract and hydrolyzed methanolic extract against Candida albicans pathogenic isolates

(Upadhyay et al., 2010c). From all the extracts, it was found that methanolic extract were
showing maximum antifungal activity, alkaloid shows slightly little low and ethyl acetate and

hydrolysable methanolic extract showed minimum lowest antifungal activity (Pereira et al.
2008; Oliveira et al., 2008). Methanolic extract, chloroform extract, acetone extract, and ethyl
acetate extract from walnut bark showed antifungal properties against all Candida species,

fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillius niger fungal infections (Upadhyay et
al., 2010c).

Antiviral activity
Antiviral activity is estimated by using 95% ethanolic and ethyl acetate extract of leaves that

showed inhibition against tobacco mosaic virus while Sindbis virus is found to be inhibited

by methanolic extract (Mei-zhi et al., 2007). It is found that antiviral compounds are present
in leaf extract and also Juglone also showed antiviral properties because of proteins-ligand

binding affinity against viruses in virtual docker Insilco method (Vardhini, 2014).
Antioxidant activity

All the extracts ethyl acetate, butanol, methanol, ether and alcohol extract made from walnut
different plant parts like kernels, leaves and husks showed antioxidant capacity by reducing

power, lipid oxidation and scavenging on free radical’s methods (Qamar and Sultana, 2011;

Carvalho et al., 2010; Abbasi et al., 2010). It showed a potent antioxidant activity against
DPPH, H2O2 and superoxide anion radicles (Rahimipanah et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2009b).

Antidiabetic activity

Walnut possesses a rich content of polyphenols that showed a strong inhibition against
different enzymes like amylase, maltase, sucrose and glycosidase. The polyphenolic

compounds are Tellimagradin I, Tellimagradin II and Casuarictin that showed antidiabetic
activity and has lowering effect on triglycerides and urine peroxidase in Type II genetically

inherited diabetes mellitus (Fukuda et al. 2004; Jelodar et al., 2007).

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