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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Based Identification Of

Bioactive Compounds And Evaluation Of Anticancer Effects Of Spilanthes

Acmella

a
a
Salam Bhopen Singh, *, Kusum Arunachalam, and Kirankumar Salam b
a School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, India
b Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

*Email of Corresponding author: bssntk26@gmail.com
ABSTRACT

Introduction: Spilanthes acmella has been efficiently used as multidimensional traditional

medicine primarily for treatment of toothache due to the presence of several bioactive
compounds.

Objectives: Determination of free radical scavenging potential of S. acmella and its
anticancer effects on cancer cell lines. Further metabolite profiling of the plant extracts to

identify bioactive compounds that explains relationship with its biological activities and
therapeutic applications.

Material and methods: Antioxidant potential and phytochemical constituents of S. acmella

were analyzed by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer and metabolite profiling was
performed by Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Further, anticancer effects of

the plant extracts on three cancer cell lines MCF-7, A549 and Saos-2 were examined by MTT

assay.
Results: The plant possesses high antioxidant potential and also contains abundant phenolics
•+
and flavonoids. The leaves of the plant showed the highest ABTS and DPPH radical
scavenging potential (IC50 11.92 and 14.79 µg/ml). Moreover, MTT assay illustrated

significant inhibition of viability of cancer cells by the plant extracts at higher concentrations
(50 and 100 μg/ml) (p˂0.05). The flower extract exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against

the three cancer cell lines MCF-7, A549 and Saos-2 with IC50 values of 22.20, 18.39 and

25.98 μg/ml respectively. Metabolite profiling of the plant extracts revealed the presence of
several potential compounds including four bioactive compounds that have never been

reported earlier to be present in the plant namely (1) 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2)
Neophytadiene (3) N-Isobutyl-10-(isobutylcarbonyloxy)(2E,6Z,8E)-decatrienamide and (4)

α-tocopherol.
Conclusion: The anticancer property of S. acmella is likely due to entity or synergistic effects

of anticancer compounds such as 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, α-tocopherol, β-caryophyllene,

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